Columbian Exchange dataset

Island records before and after contact: indigenous population 80,000 to 14,000 over forty years; cattle 0 to 22,000; sugar exports 0 to 1,800 tons; enslaved labor arrivals 0 to 9,500.

1. Read demographic, ecological, and labor changes together.
2. Do not assign one cause without more evidence.
3. The changes are connected to colonial production.