CHALLENGE MISSIONideas, state change, nationalism, and resistance
ideas, state change, nationalism, and resistance
INDEPENDENT DEFENSEINDEPENDENT TRANSFER
Nationalism's double edge
Two 1848 leaflets demand self-rule. Leaflet A defines the nation by shared civic laws; Leaflet B defines it by ancestry and excludes a minority living in the same territory.
Both mobilize national identity.
Definitions of membership differ.
Political independence does not guarantee inclusion.